The translation alphabet (the letters that are used instead of the ordinary alphabet) starts with the secret key. and so on until it turns into a whole number which will be your answer.Thus from observation it is taken that the number of entries required to return back to the initial state will always be less than or equal to 26 i.e E<= 26. The Keyed Caesar cipher is a form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. To put it another way the equation E=26/S can be a whole number, decimal number or fractional number and if E= a fraction represented by 26/S then multiply by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. In the case of shift 4 the answer would be 13 entries to return back to the initial input. As we can't have 6.5 entries we must multiply 6.5 by 1 then ,individually- without the 1- by 2 to give us 6.5 and 13, if the answer is a whole number then that is our answer, if it is a decimal then we multiply by the individual natural number until we receive a whole number which will be our answer. The schannel SSP implementation of the TLS/SSL protocols use algorithms from a cipher suite to create keys and encrypt information. More generally however this equation works in all situations as if we have a shift of 4 giving us a decimal answer for the number of entries required of 6.5. A cipher suite is a set of cryptographic algorithms. For example to have the situation where clare goes to lucan then back to clare we count that 2 entries were required for this thus rearranging gives S=26/E or S=26/2 which gives us a shift of 13 that would be required to obtain the situation desired. Take a look at the tutorial here Here is the code for Password Based Encryption, this has the password being entered through System. When we talk about entries we mean that we enter our initial state, A for example, into our Caesar cipher machine, and get B, then we enter B into the Caesar cipher and so on for the different cases i.e enter input receive output then enter output in a sort of feedback loop. AES key lengths are 128, 192, and 256 bit depending on the cipher you want to use. Most valuable cipher algorithms use a key as part of the formula. One key is a public key and may be given. A cipher algorithmis a mathematical formula designed specifically to obscure the value and content of data. The two keys belong to the person receiving the message. A key is an essential part of an encryption algorithm - so much so that, in real-world ciphering, the key is kept secret, not the algorithm. To return back to clare the system adheres via the following equation I devised (don't know if it has been already discovered by other mathematicians) : E=26/S where E is the number of entries required to return back to initial input and S is the shift used, which is assumed to be constant. A public-key cipher uses a pair of keys for sending messages.
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